Wilma Base
Women's Representing the 1960 Rome 1960 Rome Wilma Glodean Rudolph (June 23, 1940 – November 12, 1994) was an American from, who became a world-record-holding Olympic champion and international sports icon in following her successes in the 1956 and 1960. Rudolph competed in the dash and won a in the at the at,. She also won three in the and 200-meter individual events and the 4 x 100-meter relay at the in,. Rudolph was acclaimed the fastest woman in the world in the 1960s and became the first American woman, and the first African American woman, to win three in a single Olympic Games. Due to the worldwide television coverage of the 1960 Summer Olympics, Rudolph became an international star along with other Olympic athletes such as (later known as Muhammad Ali), and who competed in Italy.
As an Olympic champion in the early 1960s, Rudolph was among the most highly visible black women in America and abroad. She became a role model for black and female athletes and her Olympic successes helped elevate women's track and field in the United States. Rudolph is also regarded as a civil rights and women's rights pioneer.
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In 1962 Rudolph retired from competition at the peak of her athletic career as the world record-holder in the 100- and 200-meter individual events and the 4 × 100-meter relay. After competing in the 1960 Summer Olympics, the 1963 graduate of became an educator and coach. Rudolph and her achievements are memorialized in a variety of tributes, including a U.S. Postage stamp, documentary films, and a made-for-television movie, as well as in numerous publications, especially books for young readers.
Contents. Early life and education Wilma Glodean Rudolph, the daughter of Blanche and Ed Rudolph, was born prematurely at 4.5 pounds (2.0 kg) on June 23, 1940, in (now part of Clarksville, TN). Rudolph, who was born into poverty in the racially segregated, was the twentieth of twenty-two siblings from her father's two marriages. Shortly after Wilma's birth, her family moved to, where she grew up and attended elementary and high school. Her father, Ed, who worked as a railway porter and did odd jobs in Clarksville, died in 1961; her mother, Blanche, worked as a maid in Clarksville homes and died in 1994.
Rudolph suffered from several early childhood illnesses, including pneumonia and scarlet fever, and contracted (caused by the polio virus) at the age of four. She recovered from polio, but lost strength in her left leg and foot.
Physically disabled for much of her early life, Rudolph wore a leg brace until she was eight years old. Because there was little medical care available to African American residents of Clarksville in the 1940s, Rudolph's parents sought treatment for her at the historically black (now Nashville General Hospital at Meharry) in, about 50 miles (80 km) from Clarksville. For two years Rudolph and her mother made weekly bus trips to Nashville for treatments to regain the use of her weakened leg. She also received subsequent at-home massage treatments four times a day from members of her family and wore an orthopedic shoe for support of her foot for another two years. Because of the treatments she received at Meharry and the daily massages from her family members, Rudolph was able to overcome the debilitating effects of polio and learned to walk without a leg brace or orthopedic shoe for support by the time she was twelve years old. Rudolph was initially homeschooled due to the frequent illnesses that caused her to miss kindergarten and first grade. She began attending second grade at Cobb Elementary School in Clarksville in 1947, when she was seven years old.
Rudolph attended Clarksville's all-black Burt High School, where she excelled in basketball and track. During her senior year of high school Rudolph became pregnant with her first child, Yolanda, who was born in 1958, a few weeks prior to her enrollment at in Nashville. In college Rudolph continued to compete in track. She also became a member of the sorority.
Rudolph graduated from Tennessee State with a bachelor's degree in education in 1963. Rudolph's college education was paid for through her participation in a work-study scholarship program that required her to work on the TSU campus for two hours a day. Career Early years Rudolph was first introduced to organized sports at Burt High School, the center of Clarksville's African American community. After completing several years of medical treatments to regain the use of her left leg, Rudolph chose to follow in her sister Yolanda's footsteps and began playing basketball in the eighth grade. Rudolph continued to play basketball in high school, where she became a starter on the team, and began competing in track. In her sophomore year Rudolph scored 803 points and set a new record for high school girls' basketball. Rudolph's high school coach, C.
Gray, gave her the nickname of “Skeeter” (for mosquito), because she moved so fast. While playing for her high school basketball team, Rudolph was spotted by, track and field coach, a major break for the promising young athlete.
The day that Temple saw the tenth grader for the first time, he knew she was a natural athlete. Rudolph had already gained some track experience on Burt High School's track team two years earlier, mostly as a way to keep busy between basketball seasons. As a high school sophomore Rudolph competed at 's in her first major track event. Although she lost the race, Rudolph was determined to continue competing and win.
Temple invited fourteen-year-old Rudolph to join his summer training program at Tennessee State. After attending the track camp, Rudolph won all nine events. She entered at an track meet in,.
Under Temple's guidance she continued to train regularly at TSU while still a high school student. Rudolph raced at amateur athletic events with TSU's women’s track team, known as the Tigerbelles, for two more years before enrolling at TSU as a student in 1958. 1956 Summer Olympics When Rudolph was sixteen and a junior in high school, she attended the 1956 U.S. Olympic track and field team trials in, and qualified to compete in the individual event at the in,. Rudolph, the youngest member of the U.S.
Olympic team, was one of five TSU Tigerbelles to qualify for the 1956 Melbourne Olympics. Rudolph was defeated in a preliminary heat of the 200-meter race at the Melbourne Olympic Games, but ran the third leg of the. The American team of Rudolph, and, all of whom were TSU Tigerbelles, won the, matching the world-record time of 44.9 seconds. The team won the silver medal. The Australian team, with the 100- and 200-meter gold medalist as their anchor leg, won the gold medal in a time of 44.5 seconds.
After Rudolph returned to her Tennessee home from the Melbourne Olympic Games, she showed her high school classmates the that she had won and decided to try to win a gold medal at the in,. In 1958 Rudolph enrolled at Tennessee State, where Temple continued as her track coach. In 1959, at the in, Rudolph won a silver medal in the 100-meter individual event, as well as a gold medal in the 4 × 100-meter relay with teammates, and.
In addition, Rudolph won the 100-meter title in 1959 and defended it for four consecutive years. During her career, Rudolph also won three AAU indoor titles. 1960 Summer Olympics. Rudolph convincingly wins the women's 100 meter dash at the 1960 Summer Olympics in. While she was still a sophomore at Tennessee State, Rudolph competed in the U.S.
Olympic track and field trials at in, where she set a world record in the 200-meter dash that stood for eight years. She also qualified for the in the dash. At the in Rome, Italy, Rudolph competed in three events on a in Rome's Stadio Olimpico: the 100- and 200-meter sprints, as well as the 4 × 100-meter relay. Rudolph, who won a gold medal in each of these events, became the first American woman to win three gold medals in a single Olympiad. Rudolph ran the finals in the 100-meter dash in a wind-aided time of 11.0 seconds.
(The record-setting time was not credited as a, because the wind, at 2.75 metres (3.01 yd) per second, exceeded the maximum of 2 metres (2.2 yd).) Rudolph became the first American woman to win a gold medal in the 100-meter race since Helen Stephens's win in the. Coincidentally, 's gold medal in the same event twenty-four years earlier was not classified as a record because it was wind-assisted as well. Rudolph won another gold medal in the finals of the 200-meter dash with a time of 24.0 seconds, after setting a new Olympic record of 23.2 seconds in the opening heat. After these wins she was hailed throughout the world as 'the fastest woman in history.' On September 7, 1960, the temperature climbed toward 110 °F (43 °C) as thousands of spectators jammed the stadium.
Rudolph combined efforts with her Olympic teammates from Tennessee State—, Lucinda Williams, and Barbara Jones—to win the 4 × 100-meter relay with a time of 44.5 seconds, after setting a world record of 44.4 seconds in the semifinals. Rudolph ran the anchor leg for the American team in the finals and nearly dropped the baton after a pass from Williams, but she overtook Germany's anchor leg to win the relay in a close finish. Rudolph had a special, personal reason to hope for victory—to pay tribute to Owens, the celebrated American athlete and star of the in, who had been her inspiration. Rudolph was one of the most popular athletes of the 1960 Rome Olympics and emerged from the Olympic Games as 'The Tornado, the fastest woman on earth.'
The Italians nicknamed her 'La Gazzella Nera' ('The Black Gazelle') and the French called her 'La Perle Noire' ('The Black Pearl'). Along with other 1960 Olympic athletes such as (later known as Muhammad Ali), and, Rudolph became an international star due to the first worldwide television coverage of the Olympics that year. The 1960 Rome Olympics launched Rudolph into the public spotlight and the media cast her as America's athletic 'leading lady' and a 'queen,' with praises of her athletic accomplishments as well as her feminine beauty and poise. Post-Olympic career.
Rudolph at the finish line during 50-yard dash at track meet in Madison Square Garden, 1961 Rudolph returned home to Clarksville after completing a post-games European tour, where she and her Olympic teammates competed in meets in, the, and at other venues in. Rudolph's hometown of Clarksville celebrated 'Welcome Wilma Day' on October 4, 1960, with a full day of festivities. Because Rudolph adamantly insisted, her homecoming parade and banquet became the first fully integrated municipal event in the city's history. An estimated 1,100 attended the banquet in her honor and thousands lined the city streets to watch the parade.
Rudolph's gold-medal victories in Rome also 'propelled her to become one of the most highly visible black women across the United States and around the world.' Her Olympic star status also 'gave an enormous boost to the indoor track circuit in the months following the Olympic Games in Rome.' In 1961 Rudolph competed in the prestigious, indoor track meet, where thousands turned out to watch her run. In addition, she was invited to compete in track events and became the first woman invited to compete at the Melrose Games.
Rudolph was also invited to compete at the and the, among others. Following her Olympic victories the United States Information Agency's made a ten-minute documentary film, Wilma Rudolph: Olympic Champion (1961), to highlight her accomplishments on the track. Rudolph's appearance in 1960 on, an American television game show, and later as a guest on also helped promote her status as an iconic sports star. In 1961 Rudolph married William Ward, a North Carolina College at Durham track team member; they divorced in 1963. In the interim, Rudolph retired from track competition at the age of twenty-two, following victories in the 100-meter and 4 x 100-meter-relay races at a U.S.– meet at Stanford University in 1962.
At the time of her retirement, Rudolph was still the worldrecord-holder in the 100-meter (11.2 seconds set on July 19, 1961), 200-meter (22.9 seconds set on July 9, 1960), and 4 x 100-meter-relay events. She has also won seven national AAU sprint titles and set the women's indoor track record of 6.9 seconds in the 60-yard dash. As Rudolph explained it, she retired at the peak of her athletic career because she wanted to leave the sport while still at her best and did not compete at the in,. Rudolph said, 'If I won two gold medals, there would be something lacking. I'll stick with the glory I've already won like Jesse Owens did in 1936.' After retiring from competition, Rudolph continued her education at Tennessee State and earned a in elementary education in 1963. That year she also made a month-long trip to as a goodwill ambassador for the.
Rudolph served as U.S. Representative to the 1963 Friendship Games in, and visited, and, where she attended sporting events, visited schools, and made guest appearances on television and radio broadcasts.
She also attended the premier of the U.S. Information Agency's documentary film that highlighter her track career. In May 1963, a few weeks after returning from, Rudolph participated in a civil rights protest in her hometown of Clarksville in an effort to desegregate one of the city's restaurants. Within a short time the mayor announced that the city's public facilities, including its restaurants, would become fully integrated. Rudolph also married Robert Eldridge later that year. The couple had four children, and divorced after seventeen years of marriage. Later years Rudolph, who did not earn significant money as an amateur athlete, shifted to a career in teaching and coaching after her retirement from track competition.
She began as a second-grade teacher at Cobb Elementary School, where she had attended as a child, and coached track at Burt High School, where she had once been a student-athlete herself, but conflict forced her to leave the position. Rudolph moved several times over the years and lived in various places such as Chicago, Illinois;,;,; and,.
In addition Tennessee, she also lived in and. Rudolph's autobiography, Wilma: The Story of Wilma Rudolph, was published in 1977. It served as the basis for several other publications and films. By 2014 at least twenty-one books on Rudolph's life had been published for children from pre-school youth to high school students. In addition to teaching Rudolph worked for nonprofit organizations and government-sponsored projects that supported athletic development among American children.
In, she became involved in the federal program, and in 1967 served as a track specialist for Operation Champion. In 1981 Rudolph established and led the Wilma Rudolph Foundation, a nonprofit organization based in Indianapolis, Indiana, that trains youth athletes.
In 1987 Rudolph joined in, as director of its women's track program and served as a consultant on minority affairs to the university's president. The twice-divorced single mother of four children hosted a local television show in Indianapolis. Rudolph was also a television sports commentator for during the in, and lit the cauldron to open the Pan American Games in Indianapolis in 1987 in front of 80,000 spectators at the.
In 1992, two years before her untimely death, Rudolph became a vice president at Nashville's Baptist Hospital. Marriage and family Rudolph was married twice, with both marriages ending in divorce. On October 14, 1961, she married William 'Willie' Ward, a member of the at Durham track team. They divorced in May 1963. After her graduation from Tennessee State in 1963 Rudolph married Robert Eldridge, her high school sweetheart, with whom she already had a daughter, Yolanda, born in 1958. Rudolph and Eldridge had four children: two daughters (Yolanda, born in 1958, and Djuanna, born in 1964) and two sons (Robert Jr., born in 1965, and Xurry, born in 1971).
The seventeen-year marriage ended in divorce. Death and legacy In July 1994 (shortly after her mother’s death), Rudolph was diagnosed with.
She also had been diagnosed with throat cancer. Her condition worsened day by day and she died on November 12, 1994, at the age of fifty-four, at her home in, a suburb of Nashville, Tennessee. Rudolph's funeral service was held at Edgefield Missionary Baptist Church in Clarksville, Tennessee. She was survived by her four children, eight grandchildren, and many siblings, nieces and nephews. Thousands of mourners filled Tennessee State University's Kean Hall on November 17, 1994, for the memorial service in her honor. Across Tennessee, the state flag flew at half-mast.
Rudolph's legacy lies in her efforts to overcome obstacles that included childhood illnesses and a physical disability to become the fastest woman runner in the world in 1960. At the 1960 Rome Olympics, she became the first American woman, as well as the first African American woman, to win three gold medals in a single Olympiad. Rudolph was one of the first role models for black and female athletes. Her Olympic success 'gave a tremendous boost to women's track in the United States.' Rudolph's celebrity also caused gender barriers to be broken at previously all-male track and field events such as the Millrose Games. In addition to her own athletic accomplishments, Rudolph is remembered for her contributions to youth, including founding and heading the Wilma Rudolph Foundation, which trains youth athletes. Rudolph has been memorialized with a variety of tributes, including her image on a commemorative U.S.
Postage stamp. Wilma: The Story of Wilma Rudolph (1977), her autobiography, was adapted into a television. Her life is also remembered in Unlimited (2015), a short documentary film for school audiences, as well as in numerous publications, especially books for young readers. Awards and honors.
Rudolph receiving a Award with (left) Rudolph was named Athlete of the Year (1960) and (1960 and 1961). She was also the recipient of the (1960) for the top amateur athlete in the United States and the Award (1962). In addition, Rudolph had a private meeting with in the. Rudolph was also honored with the National Sports Award (1993). Rudolph was inducted into several women's and sports halls of fame:. Black Sports Hall of Fame (1973). U.S.
National Track and Field Hall of Fame (1974). (1983). (1994). National Black Sports and Entertainment Hall of Fame (2001) In 1984, the Women's Sports Foundation selected Rudolph as one of the five greatest women athletes in the United States. In 1996, the foundation presented its first Wilma Rudolph Courage Award to. The annual award is presented to a female athlete who exhibits extraordinary courage in her athletic performance, demonstrates the ability to overcome adversity, makes significant contributions to sports, and serves as an inspiration and role model to those who face challenges, overcomes them, and strives for success at all levels. In 1994, a portion of was named, extending from Interstate 24, exit 4, in Clarksville to the Red River (Lynnwood-Tarpley) bridge near the Kraft Street intersection.
On November 21, 1995, the Wilma Rudolph Memorial Commission placed a black marker at her gravesite in Clarksville's Foster Memorial Garden Cemetery. In April 1996, a life-size bronze statue of Rudolph was erected 'at the southern end of the Cumberland River Walk at the base of the Pedestrian Overpass' at College Street and Riverside Drive in Clarksville. On December 2, 1980, Tennessee State University named its indoor track in Rudolph's honor. On August 11, 1995 (nine months after Rudolph's death), Tennessee State University dedicated a new, six-story dormitory as the Wilma G. Rudolph Residence Center. The building houses upper class and graduate women. It provides Wi-Fi access and includes a computer lab, beauty salon, and cafeteria.
In 1997, Governor proclaimed that June 23 be known as 'Wilma Rudolph Day' in Tennessee. The December 29, 1999, issue of ranked Rudolph first on its list of the top fifty greatest sports figures of the twentieth-century from Tennessee. ESPN ranked Rudolph forty-first in its listing of the twentieth century's greatest athletes. Following the withdrawal of U.S. Troops from Berlin in 1994, Berlin American High School (BAHS) was turned over to the people of Berlin and became the 'Gesamtschule Am Hegewinkel'. The school was renamed the 'Wilma Rudolph Oberschule' in her honor in the summer 2000. On July 14, 2004, the issued a 23-cent postage stamp, the fifth in its, in recognition of her accomplishments.
Rudolph's life has been featured in documentary films and made-for-television movies:. Walter de Hoog directed Wilma Rudolph: Olympic Champion (1961), the United States Information Agency's ten-minute film documentary of her accomplishments on the track.
In 1977, produced Wilma (also known as The Story of Wilma Rudolph), a made-for-television starring Shirley Jo Finney as Rudolph and costarring, and in one of his first roles. In 2015, Positive Edge Education Ltd.
Commissioned Pixel Revolution Films, a -based film company, to produce three short inspiration dramas to be screened in schools, including one about Rudolph’s life. Unlimited (2015) was written and directed by Ian and Dominic Higgins. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from on November 13, 2014. Retrieved August 27, 2014. ^ Biography.com Editors (June 17, 2016).
A&E Television Networks. Retrieved 9 February 2017. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list. ^ James E. Haney, 'Wilma Rudolph' in Smith, Jessie Carnie, ed. Notable Black American Women.
Detroit: Gale Research. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list. ^. Retrieved February 9, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017. Rita Liberti and Maureen M.
Smith (2015). (Re)Presenting Wilma Rudolph. Sports and Entertainment. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. ^ Rob Bagchi (June 1, 2012). The Guardian.
^ Brenda Meese, 'Wilma Glodean Rudolph' in Hine, Darlene Clark, Elsa Barkley Brown, and Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, eds. Black Women in American: An Historical Encyclopedia. Bloomington, Indiana: IU Press. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list. ^ Liberti and Smith, p. Martha Ward Plowden (1996). Olympic Black Women.
Tennessee State University Library: Pelican Publishing Company. Liberti and Smith, pp. ^ Smith (2006), p. Biracree (1988), p. 47.
^ Bobby Lovett (June 20, 2016). Tennessee State University. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
See also: Bobby L. Lovett (February 24, 2011). Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture Version 2 (online edition).
University of Tennessee Press. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
^ Larry Schwartz. Retrieved February 17, 2017. Biracree (1988), p.
^ Tom Biracree (1988), Wilma Rudolph, p. Jan Onofrio (1 June 1999). North American Book Dist LLC. September 19, 1960. Retrieved February 9, 2017. (subscription required). Amy Ruth (2000).
Wilma Rudolph. New York: Lerner Publications.
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Blackbirch Press. Conrad, David (2002). Stick to It!: The Story of Wilma Rudolph. Compass Point Books. Durham: North Carolina Central University.
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Wilma Bassett Obituary
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JOINT BASE SAN ANTONIO-RANDOLPH, Texas (AFNS) - Air Force officials are seeking nominations for the 2018 Brig. Wilma Vaught Visionary Leadership Award. Named in honor of Vaught for her outstanding service and dedication to the Air Force and nation, the award is presented to an officer, 0-6 and below; enlisted Airman, E-9 and below; and civilian, GS-15 and below, from any career field or occupation who exhibits innovation, commitment and a selfless spirit of service for others whose personal efforts have significantly improved the integration of and opportunities for women in the Air Force. The award is based on contributions that occurred Jan.
This does not rule out a project that may have commenced more than a year ago, but was completed during the current calendar year. Each major command, combatant command, field operating agency and direct reporting unit may submit three nominations, one for each category, due to the Air Force’s Personnel Center no later than Oct. Specific eligibility and application procedures are available via myPers. Select “any” from the dropdown menu and search “Vaught.” For more information about Air Force personnel programs, go to.
Individuals who do not have a myPers account can request one by following the instructions on the website.